2. Technical Architecture

Technical Architecture


Ramestta's architecture is built on a sophisticated multi-layer design that balances performance, security, and decentralization.


System Overview


The Ramestta network consists of several interconnected components working in harmony. At the foundation is Ethereum Layer 1 providing ultimate security, with Polygon PoS Layer 2 offering scalable execution, and Ramestta Layer 3 delivering application-optimized performance.


Core Components


Heimdall (Validator Layer)


Heimdall is the consensus and checkpoint layer responsible for validator management, stake management and delegation, validator selection and rotation, slashing for misbehavior, and reward distribution. It also handles checkpoint submission including Merkle root aggregation, state synchronization to Polygon, cross-chain communication, and finality confirmation.


Technical Specifications:

  • Sprint Duration: 64 blocks (~128 seconds)
  • Proposer Selection: Deterministic stake-weighted
  • Validator Set Size: 100-200 validators
  • Checkpoint Frequency: Every sprint

    • Bor (Block Production Layer)


    Bor is the EVM-compatible block production engine handling fast block times (~2 seconds), EVM execution environment, transaction ordering and validation, and state transition management.


    Performance Specifications:

  • Block Time: 2 seconds
  • TPS Capacity: 65,000+
  • Gas Limit: 30,000,000 per block
  • EVM Version: London (upgradeable)

    • Bridge Infrastructure


    The RamaBridge enables secure asset transfers between layers with features including secure token transfers, NFT bridging support, multi-signature validation, and rate limiting protection.


    Network Topology


    The network consists of multiple node types:


    **Full Nodes**: Store complete blockchain history and validate all transactions

    **Archive Nodes**: Store complete state history for historical queries

    **Validator Nodes**: Produce and validate blocks, participate in consensus

    **Sentry Nodes**: Protect validators from DDoS attacks


    State Management


    The global state includes account balances, smart contract code, contract storage, and nonce values. The Merkle Patricia Trie enables fast lookups, efficient proofs, incremental updates, and snapshot support.


    Transaction Flow


    Transactions follow this lifecycle:

    1. Submission - User signs and broadcasts transaction

    2. Propagation - Transaction spreads through P2P network

    3. Inclusion - Validator includes in next block

    4. Execution - EVM processes transaction

    5. Confirmation - Block finalized and checkpointed


    Smart Contract Platform


    Ramestta provides 100% EVM equivalence with support for all Solidity versions, standard precompiles, CREATE2 deployment, and all Ethereum features. Additional enhancements include lower gas costs for storage, optimized precompiles, and custom system contracts.


    Security Architecture


    Multi-signature validation requires a minimum 2/3 stake threshold with Byzantine fault tolerance, slashing for misbehavior, and stake-weighted voting. The fraud proof system includes a 7-day withdrawal delay, instant optimistic execution, and automated proof verification.